Structure and Violence

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.title[Anti-Social Networks:]     
.subtitle[How Cooperative Networks Help and Constrain Violent Groups]  
        
               
.author[Laila A. Wahedi]  
.date[February 23, 2018]   
               
.institution[McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University]      
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.footnote[ Laila A. Wahedi -- Follow along at Wahedi.US, under Current Presentation -- law98@georgetown.edu]
   
<h2 style="text-transform: none; color:white; text-align:left; margin-bottom:0px">Terrorist Groups Don't Act Alone: </h2>
<img class="plain" src="../figures/line.png" style="float:left; padding:0;margins:0;margin-bottom:0px; align:left; height: 5px; width:75%">

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<img style="width:75%"  src="../figures/structure/train.png">
<h3 style="color:white;">Train</h3>
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<img style="width:75%"  src="../figures/structure/trade.png">
<h3 style="color:white;">Trade</h3>
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<img style="width:75%"  src="../figures/structure/operate.png">
<h3 style="color:white;">Work <br> Together</h3>
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</div>

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.footnote[ Laila A. Wahedi -- Follow along at Wahedi.US, under Current Presentation -- law98@georgetown.edu]
   
<h2 style="text-transform: none; color:white; margin-bottom:0px; text-align:left; ">These chains compound: </h2>
	<img class="plain" src="../figures/line.png" style="padding:0;margins:0;margin-bottom:0px; float:left; height: 5px; width:75%">
   
<img src="../figures/structure/compound.png" style="width:70%">

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.footnote[ Laila A. Wahedi -- Follow along at Wahedi.US, under Current Presentation -- law98@georgetown.edu]
   
<h2 style="text-transform: none; color:white; margin-bottom:0px; text-align:left; ">Puzzle:</h2>
	<img class="plain" src="../figures/line.png" style="padding:0;margins:0;margin-bottom:0px; float:left; height: 5px; width:75%">
   
   
   
   
#  How do patterns of partnerships constrain and enable violent groups?

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.footnote[ Laila A. Wahedi -- Follow along at Wahedi.US, under Current Presentation -- law98@georgetown.edu]
<h2 style="text-transform: none; color:white; margin-bottom:0px; text-align:left; ">Centralization:</h2>
	<img class="plain" src="../figures/line.png" style="padding:0;margins:0;margin-bottom:0px; float:left; height: 5px; width:75%">
   
##  Extent to which one group has more influence than others within the network

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.footnote[ Laila A. Wahedi -- Follow along at Wahedi.US, under Current Presentation -- law98@georgetown.edu]

<h2 style="text-transform: none; color:white; margin-bottom:0px; text-align:left; "><img src="../figures/structure/decent.png">Decentralized:</h2>
	<img class="plain" src="../figures/line.png" style="padding:0;margins:0;margin-bottom:0px; float:left; height: 5px; width:75%">

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<img style="width:75%"  src="../figures/structure/redundant.png">
<h3 style="color:white;">Redundant Paths: </h3>
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<img style="width:75%"  src="../figures/structure/autonomy.png">
<h3 style="color:white;">Autonomy</h3>
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<div style="width:32%; float:left">
<img style="width:75%"  src="../figures/structure/target.png">
<h3 style="color:white;">Robust to Random Removal</h3>
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</div>

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.footnote[ Laila A. Wahedi -- Follow along at Wahedi.US, under Current Presentation -- law98@georgetown.edu]

<div style="width:32%; float:left">
<img style="width:75%"  src="../figures/structure/lost.png">
<h3 style="color:white;">Inefficient</h3>
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<img style="width:75%"  src="../figures/structure/lazy.png">
<h3 style="color:white;">Free Riding</h3>
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<img style="width:75%"  src="../figures/structure/yarn.png">
<h3 style="color:white;">Vulnerable to Unraveling</h3>
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</div>

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.footnote[ Laila A. Wahedi -- Follow along at Wahedi.US, under Current Presentation -- law98@georgetown.edu]

<h2 style="text-transform: none; color:white; margin-bottom:0px; text-align:left; "><img src="../figures/structure/cent.png">Centralized:</h2>
	<img class="plain" src="../figures/line.png" style="padding:0;margins:0;margin-bottom:0px; float:left; height: 5px; width:75%">

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<img style="width:75%"  src="../figures/structure/shortcut.png">
<h3 style="color:white;">Information Shortcuts</h3>
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<img style="width:75%"  src="../figures/structure/save-time.png">
<h3 style="color:white;">Efficient</h3>
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<img style="width:75%"  src="../figures/structure/target.png">
<h3 style="color:white;">Robust to Random Removal</h3>
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</div>
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class: center
background-color: #AF002B
.footnote[ Laila A. Wahedi -- Follow along at Wahedi.US, under Current Presentation -- law98@georgetown.edu]

<div style="width:32%; float:left">
<img style="width:75%"  src="../figures/structure/overwhelm.png">
<h3 style="color:white;">Costly for Center</h3>
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<img style="width:75%"  src="../figures/structure/freedom.png">
<h3 style="color:white;">Periphery Loses Freedom</h3>
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<div style="width:32%; float:left">
<img style="width:75%"  src="../figures/structure/one_target.png">
<h3 style="color:white;">Vulnerable to Targeted Removal</h3>
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</div>
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.footnote[ Laila A. Wahedi -- Follow along at Wahedi.US, under Current Presentation -- law98@georgetown.edu]

<div style="width:32%; float:left">
<img style="width:75%"  src="../figures/structure/Xoverwhelm.png">
<h3 style="color:white;">Specialization</h3>
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<div style="width:32%; float:left">
<img style="width:75%"  src="../figures/structure/freedom.png">
<h3 style="color:white;">Periphery Loses Freedom</h3>
</div>
<div style="width:32%; float:left">
<img style="width:75%"  src="../figures/structure/one_target.png">
<h3 style="color:white;">Vulnerable to Targeted Removal</h3>
</div>
</div>
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class: center
background-color: #5759b3
.footnote[ Laila A. Wahedi -- Follow along at Wahedi.US, under Current Presentation -- law98@georgetown.edu]

<div style="width:32%; float:left">
<img style="width:75%"  src="../figures/structure/Xoverwhelm.png">
<h3 style="color:white;">Specialization</h3>
</div>

<div style="width:32%; float:left">
<img style="width:75%"  src="../figures/structure/Xfreedom.png">
<h3 style="color:white;">Periphery Trades For Efficiency</h3>
</div>
<div style="width:32%; float:left">
<img style="width:75%"  src="../figures/structure/one_target.png">
<h3 style="color:white;">Vulnerable to Targeted Removal</h3>
</div>
</div>

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class: center
background-color: #01BAEF
.footnote[ Laila A. Wahedi -- Follow along at Wahedi.US, under Current Presentation -- law98@georgetown.edu]

<div style="width:32%; float:left">
<img style="width:75%"  src="../figures/structure/Xoverwhelm.png">
<h3 style="color:white;">Specialization</h3>
</div>

<div style="width:32%; float:left">
<img style="width:75%"  src="../figures/structure/Xfreedom.png">
<h3 style="color:white;">Periphery Trades For Efficiency</h3>
</div>
<div style="width:32%; float:left">
<img style="width:75%"  src="../figures/structure/Xone_target.png">
<h3 style="color:white;">Evolves Around Strong Core</h3>
</div>
</div>

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background-color: #F2DC5D
.footnote[ Laila A. Wahedi -- Follow along at Wahedi.US, under Current Presentation -- law98@georgetown.edu]
<h2 style="text-transform: none; text-align:left; margin-bottom:0px">Empirical Implications</h2>
<img class="plain" src="../figures/line.png" style="float:left; padding:0;margins:0;margin-bottom:0px; height: 5px; width:75%">

<h1 style="text-transform: none; text-align: left;">Groups in centralized local networks should <strong>be more effective</strong>.</h1>

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.footnote[ Laila A. Wahedi -- Follow along at Wahedi.US, under Current Presentation -- law98@georgetown.edu]
<h2 style="text-transform: none; text-align:left; margin-bottom:0px">Empirics</h2>
<img class="plain" src="../figures/line.png" style="float:left; padding:0;margins:0;margin-bottom:0px; height: 5px; width:75%">
   
<h2> Variables:</h2>
<ul><li>DV: Capacity for violence</li>
<li>EV: Structure of local partnership network</li></ul>
   
<h2> Data:</h2>

<ul><li>Lethality: Terrorism Knowledge Base</li>
<li>Partnerships: Big Allied And Dangerous Dataset</li></ul>

<h2> Model </h2>
* Zero-inflated negative binomial regression
* Hierarchical

---
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.footnote[ Laila A. Wahedi -- Follow along at Wahedi.US, under Current Presentation -- law98@georgetown.edu]
<h2 style="text-transform: none; text-align:left; margin-bottom:0px">Results</h2>
<img class="plain" src="../figures/line.png" style="float:left; padding:0;margins:0;margin-bottom:0px; height: 5px; width:75%">
   
<img src="../figures/structure/results1.png" style="width:90%">
   
   
   
<h3>Groups in centralized local networks kill more people, and conduct more attacks </h3>
* Controlling for how well connected the group is
* Controlling for the size of the network
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.footnote[ Laila A. Wahedi -- Follow along at Wahedi.US, under Current Presentation -- law98@georgetown.edu]
<h2 style="text-transform: none; text-align:left; margin-bottom:0px">Backup</h2>
<img class="plain" src="../figures/line.png" style="float:left; padding:0;margins:0;margin-bottom:0px; height: 5px; width:75%">
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.footnote[ Laila A. Wahedi -- Follow along at Wahedi.US, under Current Presentation -- law98@georgetown.edu]
<h2 style="text-transform: none; text-align:left; margin-bottom:0px">Centralization</h2>
<img class="plain" src="../figures/line.png" style="float:left; padding:0;margins:0;margin-bottom:0px; height: 5px; width:75%">
<img src="../figures/structure/netcent.png" style="height:70%">
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.footnote[ Laila A. Wahedi -- Follow along at Wahedi.US, under Current Presentation -- law98@georgetown.edu]
<h2 style="text-transform: none; text-align:left; margin-bottom:0px">Eigenvector Centrality</h2>
<img class="plain" src="../figures/line.png" style="float:left; padding:0;margins:0;margin-bottom:0px; height: 5px; width:75%">
<img src="../figures/structure/eig.png" style="height:70%">
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.footnote[ Laila A. Wahedi -- Follow along at Wahedi.US, under Current Presentation -- law98@georgetown.edu]
<h2 style="text-transform: none; text-align:left; margin-bottom:0px">Lethality</h2>
<img class="plain" src="../figures/line.png" style="float:left; padding:0;margins:0;margin-bottom:0px; height: 5px; width:75%">
<img src="../figures/structure/leth.png" style="height:70%">
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